mysql中如何实现多表联合查询操作
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MySQL多表联合查询语法:
复制代码 代码如下:
SELECT * FROM 插入表 LEFT JOIN 主表 ON t1.lvid=t2.lv_id select * from mytable,title where 表名1.name=表名2.writer ;
mysql版本大于4.0,使用UNION
进行查询,示例如下:
SELECT `id`, `name`, `date`, '' AS `type` FROM table_A WHERE 条件语句…… UNION SELECT `id`, `name`, `date`, '未完成' AS `type` FROM table_B WHERE 条件语句…… ORDER BY `id` LIMIT num;
mysql版本小于4.0,需要建立临时表,分为三步,示例如下:
第一步:建立临时表tmp_table_name并插入table_A中的相关记录
复制代码 代码如下:
$sql = "CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE tmp_table_name SELECT `id`, `name`, `date`, '完成' AS `type` FROM table_A WHERE 条件语句……";
第二步:从table_B中取得相关记录插入临时表tmp_table_name中
复制代码 代码如下:
INSERT INTO tmp_table_name SELECT `id`, `name`, `date2` AS `date`, '未完成' AS `type` FROM table_B WHERE 条件语句……
第三步:从临时表tmp_table_name中取出记录
SELECT * FROM tmp_table_name ORDER BY id DESC
union和order by、limit区别分析
代码示例:
CREATE TABLE `test1` ( `id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `name` varchar(20) NOT NULL, `desc` varchar(100) NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`id`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
1. 以下查询会报错误:[Err] 1221 - Incorrect usage of UNION and ORDER BY
代码示例:
select * from test1 where name like 'A%' order by name union select * from test1 where name like 'B%' order by name
修改为:
代码示例:
select * from test1 where name like 'A%' union select * from test1 where name like 'B%' order by name
说明,在union中,不用括号的情况下,只能用一个order by(思考:union两边的order by的列名不一样时,会出现什么样的结果?),这会对union后的结果集进行排序。
修改为:
代码示例:
(select * from test1 where name like 'A%' order by name) union (select * from test1 where name like 'B%' order by name)
也是可以的,这两个order by在union前进行。
2. 同样
代码示例:
select * from test1 where name like 'A%' limit 10 union select * from test1 where name like 'B%' limit 20
相当于:
代码示例:
(select * from test1 where name like 'A%' limit 10) union (select * from test1 where name like 'B%') limit 20
即后一个limit作用于的是union后的结果集,而不是union后的select。
也可以用括号括起来,以得到预期的结果:
3. UNION和UNION ALL区别
union会过滤掉union两边的select结果集中的重复的行,而union all不会过滤掉重复的行。
代码示例:
(select * from test1 where name like 'A%' limit 10) union (select * from test1 where name like 'B%' limit 20)
下面试一个年龄段分析的复杂sql语句
( SELECT '5~19' AS `age`, SUM(`impression`) AS impression, SUM(`click`) AS click, sum(`cost`) AS cost FROM `adgroup_age_report` WHERE ( ( (`age` <= 19) AND (`adgroup_id` = '61') ) AND (`date` >= '2015-11-22') ) AND (`date` <= '2017-02-20') ) UNION ( SELECT '20~29' AS `age`, SUM(`impression`) AS impression, SUM(`click`) AS click, sum(`cost`) AS cost FROM `adgroup_age_report` WHERE ( ( ((`age` <= 29) AND(`age` >= 20)) AND (`adgroup_id` = '61') ) AND (`date` >= '2015-11-22') ) AND (`date` <= '2017-02-20') ) UNION ( SELECT '30~39' AS `age`, SUM(`impression`) AS impression, SUM(`click`) AS click, sum(`cost`) AS cost FROM `adgroup_age_report` WHERE ( ( ((`age` <= 39) AND(`age` >= 30)) AND (`adgroup_id` = '61') ) AND (`date` >= '2015-11-22') ) AND (`date` <= '2017-02-20') ) UNION ( SELECT '40~49' AS `age`, SUM(`impression`) AS impression, SUM(`click`) AS click, sum(`cost`) AS cost FROM `adgroup_age_report` WHERE ( ( ((`age` <= 49) AND(`age` >= 40)) AND (`adgroup_id` = '61') ) AND (`date` >= '2015-11-22') ) AND (`date` <= '2017-02-20') ) UNION ( SELECT '50~59' AS `age`, SUM(`impression`) AS impression, SUM(`click`) AS click, sum(`cost`) AS cost FROM `adgroup_age_report` WHERE ( ( ((`age` <= 59) AND(`age` >= 50)) AND (`adgroup_id` = '61') ) AND (`date` >= '2015-11-22') ) AND (`date` <= '2017-02-20') )
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