如何使用xtrabackup备份和还原mysql

这篇文章给大家介绍如何使用xtrabackup备份和还原MySQL，内容非常详细，感兴趣的小伙伴们可以参考借鉴，希望对大家能有所帮助。

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1、安装percona-xtrabackup

# 下载安装包：

# cd /usr/local/src
# wget https://www.percona.com/downloads/XtraBackup/Percona-XtraBackup-2.3.2/binary/redhat/6/x86_64/percona-xtrabackup-2.3.2-1.el6.x86_64.rpm

# 安装依赖库：

# yum -y install perl perl-devel libaio libaio-devel perl-Time-HiRes perl-DBD-MySQL
# wget ftp://rpmfind.net/linux/dag/redhat/el6/en/x86_64/dag/RPMS/libev-4.15-1.el6.rf.x86_64.rpm 
# rpm -ivh libev-4.15-1.el6.rf.x86_64.rpm
# rpm -ivh percona-xtrabackup-2.3.2-1.el6.x86_64.rpm

# 创建备份的目录：

# mkdir -p /databackup/fullbackup
# mkdir -p /databackup/increasebackup

# 创建备份用户和授权：

mysql>grant SELECT,RELOAD,SHOW DATABASES,SUPER,LOCK TABLES,REPLICATION CLIENT,SHOW VIEW,EVENT,FILE on *.* to backup@'localhost' identified by 'MANAGER';

2、备份3306实例：

# innobackupex --defaults-file=/data/3306/my.cnf --socket=/data/3306/mysql.sock --user=backup --password='MANAGER' /mysqlbackup/fullbackup/3306

说明：
--defaults-file，指定mysql实例的配置文件
--socket，指定socket的位置
--user，指定备份的用户
--password，指定用户名称
/mysqlbackup/fullbackup/3306，这里我们将实例备份到/mysqlbackup/fullbackup/3306目录下

# du -sh /mysqlbackup/fullbackup/3306
130M /mysqlbackup/fullbackup/3306
# ls -lrt /mysqlbackup/fullbackup/3306/*
总用量 131136
-rw-r----- 1 root root 134217728 10月 12 04:32 ibdata1
drwx------ 2 root root      4096 10月 12 04:32 james
drwx------ 2 root root      4096 10月 12 04:32 ems
drwx------ 2 root root      4096 10月 12 04:32 mysql
drwx------ 2 root root      4096 10月 12 04:32 performance_schema
drwx------ 2 root root      4096 10月 12 04:32 wh510
drwx------ 2 root root      4096 10月 12 04:32 www
drwx------ 2 root root      4096 10月 12 04:32 blog
drwx------ 2 root root      4096 10月 12 04:32 opark
drwx------ 2 root root      4096 10月 12 04:32 dawnpro
drwx------ 2 root root      4096 10月 12 04:32 eip
drwx------ 2 root root      4096 10月 12 04:32 hangzhou_dawnpro
-rw-r----- 1 root root        21 10月 12 04:32 xtrabackup_binlog_info
-rw-r----- 1 root root      2560 10月 12 04:32 xtrabackup_logfile
-rw-r----- 1 root root       113 10月 12 04:32 xtrabackup_checkpoints
-rw-r----- 1 root root       386 10月 12 04:32 backup-my.cnf
-rw-r----- 1 root root       551 10月 12 04:32 xtrabackup_info

3、模拟3306数据文件丢失

# rm -rf /data/3306/data
# lsof -i :3306

说明：此时数据库已经没法正常运行，检查错误日志，发现没有了data目录
161012 04:40:35 mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /data/3306/mysqld.pid ended
161012 04:42:10 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /data/3306/data
161012 4:42:10 [Warning] Can't create test file /data/3306/data/mysql-master.lower-test
161012 4:42:10 [Warning] Can't create test file /data/3306/data/mysql-master.lower-test
/application/mysql-5.5.32/bin/mysqld: Can't change dir to '/data/3306/data/' (Errcode: 2)
161012 4:42:10 [ERROR] Aborting

161012 4:42:10 [Note] /application/mysql-5.5.32/bin/mysqld: Shutdown complete

161012 04:42:10 mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /data/3306/mysqld.pid ended

4、mysql全备数据恢复：
# mkdir -p /data/3306/data
# 对于一般恢复，都是直接用备份文件还原，如果我们这里也是直接运用该备份文件，则可能会导致一些意想不到的问题，比如:备份的数据中可能会包含尚未提交的事务或已经提交但尚未同步至数据文件中的事务。因此，此时数据文件处于不一致的状态，我们现在就是要通过回滚未提交的事务及同步已经提交的事务至数据文件也使得数据文件处于一致性状态。所以我们要用如下命令进行检查：

# innobackupex  --apply-log --redo-only /mysqlbackup/fullbackup/3306/2016-10-12_04-32-49/

161012 04:53:07 innobackupex: Starting the apply-log operation

IMPORTANT: Please check that the apply-log run completes successfully.
At the end of a successful apply-log run innobackupex
prints "completed OK!".

innobackupex version 2.3.2 based on MySQL server 5.6.24 Linux (x86_64) (revision id: 306a2e0)
xtrabackup: cd to /mysqlbackup/fullbackup/3306/2016-10-12_04-32-49/
xtrabackup: This target seems to be already prepared with --apply-log-only.
xtrabackup: notice: xtrabackup_logfile was already used to '--prepare'.
xtrabackup: using the following InnoDB configuration for recovery:
xtrabackup:   innodb_data_home_dir = ./
xtrabackup:   innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend
xtrabackup:   innodb_log_group_home_dir = ./
xtrabackup:   innodb_log_files_in_group = 2
xtrabackup:   innodb_log_file_size = 50331648
xtrabackup: using the following InnoDB configuration for recovery:
xtrabackup:   innodb_data_home_dir = ./
xtrabackup:   innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend
xtrabackup:   innodb_log_group_home_dir = ./
xtrabackup:   innodb_log_files_in_group = 2
xtrabackup:   innodb_log_file_size = 50331648
xtrabackup: Starting InnoDB instance for recovery.
xtrabackup: Using 104857600 bytes for buffer pool (set by --use-memory parameter)
InnoDB: Using atomics to ref count buffer pool pages
InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled
InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins
InnoDB: Memory barrier is not used
InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.3
InnoDB: Using CPU crc32 instructions
InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 100.0M
InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool
InnoDB: Highest supported file format is Barracuda.
xtrabackup: Last MySQL binlog file position 2442, file name /data/3306/mysql-bin.000008

xtrabackup: starting shutdown with innodb_fast_shutdown = 1
InnoDB: Starting shutdown...
InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 1606678
161012 04:53:08 completed OK!

# innobackupex --defaults-file=/data/3306/my.cnf --copy-back /mysqlbackup/fullbackup/3306/2016-10-12_04-32-49/
161012 04:56:32 innobackupex: Starting the copy-back operation

IMPORTANT: Please check that the copy-back run completes successfully.
At the end of a successful copy-back run innobackupex
prints "completed OK!".

innobackupex version 2.3.2 based on MySQL server 5.6.24 Linux (x86_64) (revision id: 306a2e0)
161012 04:56:32 [01] Copying ib_logfile0 to /data/3306/data/ib_logfile0
161012 04:56:33 [01]        ...done
161012 04:56:33 [01] Copying ib_logfile1 to /data/3306/data/ib_logfile1
161012 04:56:34 [01]        ...done
161012 04:56:34 [01] Copying ibdata1 to /data/3306/data/ibdata1
161012 04:56:36 [01]        ...done
161012 04:56:36 [01] Copying ./james/db.opt to /data/3306/data/james/db.opt
161012 04:56:36 [01]        ...done
161012 04:56:36 [01] Copying ./ems/db.opt to /data/3306/data/ems/db.opt
161012 04:56:36 [01]        ...done
161012 04:56:36 [01] Copying ./mysql/func.MYD to /data/3306/data/mysql/func.MYD
161012 04:56:36 [01]        ...done
161012 04:56:36 [01] Copying ./mysql/time_zone.MYD to /data/3306/data/mysql/time_zone.MYD
161012 04:56:36 [01]        ...done
161012 04:56:36 [01] Copying ./mysql/help_topic.MYD to /data/3306/data/mysql/help_topic.MYD
161012 04:56:36 [01]        ...done
161012 04:56:36 [01] Copying ./mysql/tables_priv.MYI to /data/3306/data/mysql/tables_priv.MYI
161012 04:56:36 [01]        ...done
161012 04:56:36 [01] Copying ./mysql/db.MYD to /data/3306/data/mysql/db.MYD
161012 04:56:36 [01]        ...done
161012 04:56:36 [01] Copying ./mysql/proc.frm to /data/3306/data/mysql/proc.frm
161012 04:56:36 [01]        ...done
161012 04:56:36 [01] Copying ./mysql/help_relation.MYI to /data/3306/data/mysql/help_relation.MYI
161012 04:56:36 [01]        ...done
161012 04:56:36 [01] Copying ./mysql/proxies_priv.MYI to /data/3306/data/mysql/proxies_priv.MYI
161012 04:56:36 [01]        ...done
161012 04:56:36 [01] Copying ./mysql/func.frm to /data/3306/data/mysql/func.frm
161012 04:56:36 [01]        ...done
161012 04:56:36 [01] Copying ./mysql/plugin.MYD to /data/3306/data/mysql/plugin.MYD
161012 04:56:36 [01]        ...done
161012 04:56:36 [01] Copying ./mysql/user.frm to /data/3306/data/mysql/user.frm
161012 04:56:36 [01]        ...done
161012 04:56:36 [01] Copying ./mysql/time_zone_transition.MYD to /data/3306/data/mysql/time_zone_transition.MYD
161012 04:56:36 [01]        ...done
161012 04:56:36 [01] Copying ./mysql/time_zone_transition_type.MYD to /data/3306/data/mysql/time_zone_transition_type.MYD
161012 04:56:36 [01]        ...done
161012 04:56:36 [01] Copying ./mysql/general_log.CSV to /data/3306/data/mysql/general_log.CSV
161012 04:56:36 [01]        ...done
161012 04:56:36 [01] Copying ./mysql/event.MYI to /data/3306/data/mysql/event.MYI
161012 04:56:36 [01]        ...done
161012 04:56:36 [01] Copying ./mysql/time_zone_leap_second.frm to /data/3306/data/mysql/time_zone_leap_second.frm
161012 04:56:36 [01]        ...done
161012 04:56:36 [01] Copying ./mysql/help_relation.frm to /data/3306/data/mysql/help_relation.frm
161012 04:56:36 [01]        ...done
161012 04:56:36 [01] Copying ./mysql/ndb_binlog_index.MYD to /data/3306/data/mysql/ndb_binlog_index.MYD
161012 04:56:36 [01]        ...done
161012 04:56:36 [01] Copying ./mysql/procs_priv.frm to /data/3306/data/mysql/procs_priv.frm
161012 04:56:36 [01]        ...done
161012 04:56:36 [01] Copying ./mysql/db.frm to /data/3306/data/mysql/db.frm
161012 04:56:36 [01]        ...done
161012 04:56:36 [01] Copying ./mysql/event.frm to /data/3306/data/mysql/event.frm
161012 04:56:36 [01]        ...done
161012 04:56:36 [01] Copying ./mysql/plugin.MYI to /data/3306/data/mysql/plugin.MYI
161012 04:56:36 [01]        ...done
161012 04:56:36 [01] Copying ./mysql/help_category.frm to /data/3306/data/mysql/help_category.frm
161012 04:56:36 [01]        ...done
161012 04:56:36 [01] Copying ./mysql/time_zone_name.MYD to /data/3306/data/mysql/time_zone_name.MYD
161012 04:56:36 [01]        ...done
161012 04:56:36 [01] Copying ./mysql/event.MYD to /data/3306/data/mysql/event.MYD
161012 04:56:36 [01]        ...done
161012 04:56:36 [01] Copying ./mysql/proc.MYI to /data/3306/data/mysql/proc.MYI
161012 04:56:36 [01]        ...done
161012 04:56:36 [01] Copying ./mysql/tables_priv.MYD to /data/3306/data/mysql/tables_priv.MYD
161012 04:56:36 [01]        ...done
161012 04:56:36 [01] Copying ./mysql/servers.frm to /data/3306/data/mysql/servers.frm
161012 04:56:36 [01]        ...done
161012 04:56:36 [01] Copying ./mysql/time_zone_leap_second.MYI to /data/3306/data/mysql/time_zone_leap_second.MYI
161012 04:56:36 [01]        ...done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./mysql/proxies_priv.MYD to /data/3306/data/mysql/proxies_priv.MYD
161012 04:56:37 [01]        ...done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./mysql/procs_priv.MYI to /data/3306/data/mysql/procs_priv.MYI
161012 04:56:37 [01]        ...done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./mysql/time_zone.MYI to /data/3306/data/mysql/time_zone.MYI
161012 04:56:37 [01]        ...done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./mysql/slow_log.CSV to /data/3306/data/mysql/slow_log.CSV
161012 04:56:37 [01]        ...done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./mysql/time_zone_transition.frm to /data/3306/data/mysql/time_zone_transition.frm
161012 04:56:37 [01]        ...done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./mysql/procs_priv.MYD to /data/3306/data/mysql/procs_priv.MYD
161012 04:56:37 [01]        ...done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./mysql/help_topic.MYI to /data/3306/data/mysql/help_topic.MYI
161012 04:56:37 [01]        ...done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./mysql/user.MYI to /data/3306/data/mysql/user.MYI
161012 04:56:37 [01]        ...done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./mysql/help_keyword.MYD to /data/3306/data/mysql/help_keyword.MYD
161012 04:56:37 [01]        ...done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./mysql/db.MYI to /data/3306/data/mysql/db.MYI
161012 04:56:37 [01]        ...done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./mysql/func.MYI to /data/3306/data/mysql/func.MYI
161012 04:56:37 [01]        ...done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./mysql/servers.MYI to /data/3306/data/mysql/servers.MYI
161012 04:56:37 [01]        ...done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./mysql/help_category.MYD to /data/3306/data/mysql/help_category.MYD
161012 04:56:37 [01]        ...done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./mysql/host.MYI to /data/3306/data/mysql/host.MYI
161012 04:56:37 [01]        ...done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./mysql/time_zone.frm to /data/3306/data/mysql/time_zone.frm
161012 04:56:37 [01]        ...done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./mysql/help_category.MYI to /data/3306/data/mysql/help_category.MYI
161012 04:56:37 [01]        ...done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./mysql/proxies_priv.frm to /data/3306/data/mysql/proxies_priv.frm
161012 04:56:37 [01]        ...done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./mysql/general_log.frm to /data/3306/data/mysql/general_log.frm
161012 04:56:37 [01]        ...done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./mysql/help_keyword.frm to /data/3306/data/mysql/help_keyword.frm
161012 04:56:37 [01]        ...done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./mysql/proc.MYD to /data/3306/data/mysql/proc.MYD
161012 04:56:37 [01]        ...done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./mysql/columns_priv.MYI to /data/3306/data/mysql/columns_priv.MYI
161012 04:56:37 [01]        ...done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./mysql/slow_log.frm to /data/3306/data/mysql/slow_log.frm
161012 04:56:37 [01]        ...done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./mysql/help_topic.frm to /data/3306/data/mysql/help_topic.frm
161012 04:56:37 [01]        ...done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./mysql/help_keyword.MYI to /data/3306/data/mysql/help_keyword.MYI
161012 04:56:37 [01]        ...done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./mysql/time_zone_name.MYI to /data/3306/data/mysql/time_zone_name.MYI
161012 04:56:37 [01]        ...done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./mysql/host.MYD to /data/3306/data/mysql/host.MYD
161012 04:56:37 [01]        ...done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./mysql/columns_priv.MYD to /data/3306/data/mysql/columns_priv.MYD
161012 04:56:37 [01]        ...done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./mysql/user.MYD to /data/3306/data/mysql/user.MYD
161012 04:56:37 [01]        ...done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./mysql/ndb_binlog_index.frm to /data/3306/data/mysql/ndb_binlog_index.frm
161012 04:56:37 [01]        ...done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./mysql/tables_priv.frm to /data/3306/data/mysql/tables_priv.frm
161012 04:56:37 [01]        ...done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./mysql/general_log.CSM to /data/3306/data/mysql/general_log.CSM
161012 04:56:37 [01]        ...done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./mysql/time_zone_leap_second.MYD to /data/3306/data/mysql/time_zone_leap_second.MYD
161012 04:56:37 [01]        ...done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./mysql/servers.MYD to /data/3306/data/mysql/servers.MYD
161012 04:56:37 [01]        ...done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./mysql/host.frm to /data/3306/data/mysql/host.frm
161012 04:56:37 [01]        ...done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./mysql/time_zone_name.frm to /data/3306/data/mysql/time_zone_name.frm
161012 04:56:37 [01]        ...done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./mysql/help_relation.MYD to /data/3306/data/mysql/help_relation.MYD
161012 04:56:37 [01]        ...done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./mysql/time_zone_transition.MYI to /data/3306/data/mysql/time_zone_transition.MYI
161012 04:56:37 [01]        ...done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./mysql/slow_log.CSM to /data/3306/data/mysql/slow_log.CSM
161012 04:56:37 [01]        ...done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./mysql/ndb_binlog_index.MYI to /data/3306/data/mysql/ndb_binlog_index.MYI
161012 04:56:37 [01]        ...done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./mysql/columns_priv.frm to /data/3306/data/mysql/columns_priv.frm
161012 04:56:37 [01]        ...done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./mysql/time_zone_transition_type.MYI to /data/3306/data/mysql/time_zone_transition_type.MYI
161012 04:56:37 [01]        ...done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./mysql/time_zone_transition_type.frm to /data/3306/data/mysql/time_zone_transition_type.frm
161012 04:56:37 [01]        ...done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./mysql/plugin.frm to /data/3306/data/mysql/plugin.frm
161012 04:56:37 [01]        ...done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/events_waits_summary_by_instance.frm to /data/3306/data/performance_schema/events_waits_summary_by_instance.frm
161012 04:56:37 [01]        ...done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/file_instances.frm to /data/3306/data/performance_schema/file_instances.frm
161012 04:56:37 [01]        ...done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/performance_timers.frm to /data/3306/data/performance_schema/performance_timers.frm
161012 04:56:37 [01]        ...done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/file_summary_by_event_name.frm to /data/3306/data/performance_schema/file_summary_by_event_name.frm
161012 04:56:37 [01]        ...done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/events_waits_summary_by_thread_by_event_name.frm to /data/3306/data/performance_schema/events_waits_summary_by_thread_by_event_name.frm
161012 04:56:37 [01]        ...done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/events_waits_current.frm to /data/3306/data/performance_schema/events_waits_current.frm
161012 04:56:37 [01]        ...done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/setup_instruments.frm to /data/3306/data/performance_schema/setup_instruments.frm
161012 04:56:37 [01]        ...done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/threads.frm to /data/3306/data/performance_schema/threads.frm
161012 04:56:37 [01]        ...done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/file_summary_by_instance.frm to /data/3306/data/performance_schema/file_summary_by_instance.frm
161012 04:56:37 [01]        ...done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/events_waits_history.frm to /data/3306/data/performance_schema/events_waits_history.frm
161012 04:56:37 [01]        ...done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/rwlock_instances.frm to /data/3306/data/performance_schema/rwlock_instances.frm
161012 04:56:37 [01]        ...done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/setup_consumers.frm to /data/3306/data/performance_schema/setup_consumers.frm
161012 04:56:37 [01]        ...done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/setup_timers.frm to /data/3306/data/performance_schema/setup_timers.frm
161012 04:56:37 [01]        ...done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/events_waits_summary_global_by_event_name.frm to /data/3306/data/performance_schema/events_waits_summary_global_by_event_name.frm
161012 04:56:37 [01]        ...done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/mutex_instances.frm to /data/3306/data/performance_schema/mutex_instances.frm
161012 04:56:37 [01]        ...done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/events_waits_history_long.frm to /data/3306/data/performance_schema/events_waits_history_long.frm
161012 04:56:37 [01]        ...done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/cond_instances.frm to /data/3306/data/performance_schema/cond_instances.frm
161012 04:56:37 [01]        ...done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/db.opt to /data/3306/data/performance_schema/db.opt
161012 04:56:37 [01]        ...done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./wh510/db.opt to /data/3306/data/wh510/db.opt
161012 04:56:37 [01]        ...done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./www/db.opt to /data/3306/data/www/db.opt
161012 04:56:37 [01]        ...done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./xtrabackup_info to /data/3306/data/xtrabackup_info
161012 04:56:37 [01]        ...done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./blog/db.opt to /data/3306/data/blog/db.opt
161012 04:56:37 [01]        ...done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./xtrabackup_binlog_pos_innodb to /data/3306/data/xtrabackup_binlog_pos_innodb
161012 04:56:37 [01]        ...done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./opark/person.frm to /data/3306/data/opark/person.frm
161012 04:56:37 [01]        ...done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./opark/db.opt to /data/3306/data/opark/db.opt
161012 04:56:37 [01]        ...done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./dawnpro/db.opt to /data/3306/data/dawnpro/db.opt
161012 04:56:37 [01]        ...done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./eip/db.opt to /data/3306/data/eip/db.opt
161012 04:56:37 [01]        ...done
161012 04:56:37 [01] Copying ./hangzhou_dawnpro/db.opt to /data/3306/data/hangzhou_dawnpro/db.opt
161012 04:56:37 [01]        ...done
161012 04:56:37 completed OK!
说明：innobackup的copy-back用于执行恢复操作时，它是通过复制所有数据相关文件至MySQL数据目录，因此，需要清空数据目录。

[root@mysql-master data]# ll /data/3306/data
总用量 229432
drwx------ 2 root root      4096 10月 12 04:56 blog
drwx------ 2 root root      4096 10月 12 04:56 dawnpro
drwx------ 2 root root      4096 10月 12 04:56 eip
drwx------ 2 root root      4096 10月 12 04:56 ems
drwx------ 2 root root      4096 10月 12 04:56 hangzhou_dawnpro
-rw-r----- 1 root root 134217728 10月 12 04:56 ibdata1
-rw-r----- 1 root root  50331648 10月 12 04:56 ib_logfile0
-rw-r----- 1 root root  50331648 10月 12 04:56 ib_logfile1
drwx------ 2 root root      4096 10月 12 04:56 james
drwx------ 2 root root      4096 10月 12 04:56 mysql
drwx------ 2 root root      4096 10月 12 04:56 opark
drwx------ 2 root root      4096 10月 12 04:56 performance_schema
drwx------ 2 root root      4096 10月 12 04:56 wh510
drwx------ 2 root root      4096 10月 12 04:56 www
-rw-r----- 1 root root        33 10月 12 04:56 xtrabackup_bin

5、更改数据库目录权限

# chown -R mysql.mysql /data/3306/data

6、开启mysql服务

启动mysql发现没法起来，检查日志信息如下（InnoDB: Error: log file ./ib_logfile0 is of different size 0 50331648 bytes）：
# tail -15 mysql_oldboy3306.err
161012 5:00:15 InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins
161012 5:00:15 InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.3
161012 5:00:15 InnoDB: Using Linux native AIO
161012 5:00:15 InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 32.0M
161012 5:00:15 InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool
InnoDB: Error: log file ./ib_logfile0 is of different size 0 50331648 bytes
InnoDB: than specified in the .cnf file 0 4194304 bytes!
161012 5:00:15 [ERROR] Plugin 'InnoDB' init function returned error.
161012 5:00:15 [ERROR] Plugin 'InnoDB' registration as a STORAGE ENGINE failed.
161012 5:00:15 [ERROR] Unknown/unsupported storage engine: InnoDB
161012 5:00:15 [ERROR] Aborting

161012 5:00:15 [Note] /application/mysql-5.5.32/bin/mysqld: Shutdown complete

161012 05:00:15 mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /data/3306/mysqld.pid ended

# rm ib_logfile* -rf
# /data/3306/mysql start
# netstat -tunlp| grep 3306
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:3306      0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      29697/mysqld

7、进入数据库进行验证

# mysql -uroot -predhat12345 -S /data/3306/mysql.sock
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| blog               |
| dawnpro            |
| eip                |
| ems                |
| hangzhou_dawnpro   |
| james              |
| mysql              |
| opark              |
| performance_schema |
| wh510              |
| www                |
+--------------------+
12 rows in set (0.01 sec)

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如何使用xtrabackup备份和还原mysql

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